Mortgage Rate Buydown Calculator

Calculate the full cost and savings of a 2-1 or 3-2-1 mortgage rate buydown. See year-by-year payments, compare a buydown vs permanent discount points, and find out whether the seller should pay for it.

$
%
Year 1 Payment
$1,879/mo
vs $2,329/mo at full rate — saving $450/mo in year 1
Total Buydown Cost
$8,158
Full Rate Payment
$2,329
Year 1 Rate
5.0%
Buydown Period
2 years

Year-by-year payment comparison — buydown vs standard full-rate loan on your $350,000 loan.

YearRateMonthly PaymentAnnual PaymentAnnual SavingsCumul. Savings
Year 1 (Buydown)5.0%$1,879$22,547+$5,396$5,396
Year 2 (Buydown)6.0%$2,098$25,181+$2,762$8,158
Year 37.0%$2,329$27,943-$8,158
Year 47.0%$2,329$27,943-$8,158
Total savings during buydown period: $8,158. This equals the buydown cost — meaning the buydown "pays for itself" by the end of the temporary period, with the benefit being reduced early payments.

Complete interest cost comparison: buydown vs standard rate over 5, 10, and 30 years.

Analysis PeriodWithout BuydownWith BuydownDifference
5 Years$139,714$131,556+$8,158
10 Years$279,427$271,269+$8,158
30 Years$838,281$830,123+$8,158
Total Buydown Cost
$8,158
Upfront subsidy needed
Year 1-2 Savings
$8,158
During buydown period
Full Rate Payment
$2,329
Your permanent payment
Total 30-yr Interest
$488,281
Without buydown

How to Use This Rate Buydown Calculator

Enter your loan details and buydown type to see year-by-year payments and the full cost analysis.

Quick Calculator

Enter your Loan Amount, Original Rate (the note rate you'll pay after the buydown period ends), and select a Buydown Type (2-1, 3-2-1, or 1-0). The calculator shows your year 1 payment, total buydown cost, and monthly savings during each buydown year.

Advanced — Payment Schedule, Buydown vs Points, Seller Concession

The Payment Schedule tab shows a complete year-by-year table — rate, monthly payment, annual savings, and cumulative savings for each year. The Buydown vs Points tab compares your temporary buydown against permanent discount points that achieve the same initial rate reduction. The Seller Concession tab shows how to frame a buydown as a negotiation tool.

Professional — Full Cost Model, Break-Even Analysis, Investment Alternative

The Full Cost Model shows total payments with and without the buydown at 5, 10, and 30 years. Break-Even Analysis shows when the buydown cost is recouped. The Investment Alternative tab calculates whether you'd do better investing the buydown cost at market returns instead.

How Rate Buydowns Are Calculated

2-1 Buydown Structure:
Year 1: Rate = Note Rate − 2%
Year 2: Rate = Note Rate − 1%
Year 3+: Rate = Note Rate (full)

Buydown Cost = (Full Payment − Year 1 Payment) × 12 + (Full Payment − Year 2 Payment) × 12

Example — $350,000 loan at 7.0% (2-1 buydown):
Year 1 rate: 5.0% → Payment: $1,879 (vs $2,329 full) → Annual savings: $5,400
Year 2 rate: 6.0% → Payment: $2,098 (vs $2,329 full) → Annual savings: $2,772
Total Buydown Cost = $5,400 + $2,772 = $8,172
Year 3+: Full rate 7.0% → Payment: $2,329/mo

Example: Builder-Funded 2-1 Buydown

David buys a new construction home in Phoenix — builder offers a 2-1 buydown

David is buying a $425,000 home with 10% down ($382,500 loan). The builder offers a 2-1 buydown at 7.5% note rate as an incentive.

Loan Amount$382,500
Note Rate (Year 3+)7.50%
Year 1 Rate5.50%
Year 1 Payment$2,171/mo
Year 2 Rate6.50%
Year 2 Payment$2,417/mo
Full Rate Payment$2,676/mo
Buydown Cost (Builder Pays)$9,060
Year 1 Savings$505/month ($6,060/yr)
Year 2 Savings$259/month ($3,108/yr)

David saves $505/month in the first year — significant breathing room as he sets up the new home. The builder funds the buydown from profit margins. David should be prepared for the payment increase in year 3, and may choose to refinance if rates drop before then.

Frequently Asked Questions

A mortgage rate buydown temporarily reduces your interest rate for the first 1–3 years of the loan. The most common types are: 2-1 (rate is 2% lower in year 1, 1% lower in year 2), 3-2-1 (rate is 3% lower in year 1, 2% in year 2, 1% in year 3), and 1-0 (rate is 1% lower only in year 1). After the buydown period, you pay the full "note rate" permanently. The buydown cost (the payment difference) is deposited into an escrow account that supplements your monthly payments.
The cost equals the total payment savings during the buydown period. For a $350,000 loan at 7%, year 1 savings are roughly $5,400 (about $450/month × 12) and year 2 savings are roughly $2,800 (about $230/month × 12), totaling about $8,200. The cost varies with loan amount and rate — our calculator shows the exact number for your loan. This cost is typically paid at closing by the seller, builder, or buyer.
Any party can fund the buydown at closing: (1) The buyer — you pay the cost upfront in exchange for lower early payments; (2) The seller — as a seller concession to attract buyers in a high-rate environment, often preferred over a price reduction; (3) The builder — common in new construction where the builder uses profit margins to make the home more affordable. Seller or builder-funded buydowns are especially attractive since they don't cost the buyer out of pocket.
When you refinance during a buydown period, the remaining funds in the buydown escrow account are typically applied as a credit against your loan payoff amount, effectively reducing what you owe when you close the new loan. This means you don't lose the money. The exact handling depends on your lender's policy, so confirm before closing. If the seller paid for the buydown, the remaining credit stays with the loan — you benefit from it.
It depends on your situation. Discount points permanently reduce your rate — better if you keep the loan for 7+ years. A temporary buydown is better if you expect rates to fall and plan to refinance within a few years, or if you need lower payments during an initial setup period. Buydowns are "self-liquidating" — by the end of the buydown period, the cost exactly equals the payment savings, so you always break even as long as you own the home through the buydown period.

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